The Importance of Drinking Water Essay - 1330 Words

Drink Water Speech How many of you, when you go to a restaurant and the waiter/waitress asks you what you want to drink ask for water? How many you would select a glass of water out a fridge filled with soda, fruit juices, or beer? My guess is probably not very many you actually choose water over the other options. I used to be the same way. I used to never drink water, and would always choose another beverage if I had the option. However, after I began to hear about the importance of water in our lives, I began to choose water whenever I needed something to drink. I am not saying I never have anything other than water when I am thirsty, but the majority of the time I choose water over any other beverage. Today, I plan to†¦show more content†¦So water is needed to dissolve these nutrients and be carried throughout the body. As you can see, water plays a major role in many factors of your body. Water even can help produce benefits outside of your body as well, such as your wallet. For example, when you go to a restaurant and order a soda, that is usually at least $2. You could instead choose water, which is free. If you would also choose water when you go out to eat and save the $2, you would save a decent amount of money in a year. Also, a 24 pack of bottled water is much cheaper than even a 12 pack of soda. Therefore, buying a pack of bottled water would save you money as well. Another way that you could save money is by investing in a filter of some sort, and drinking water from the facet. This would definitely decrease your spending on beverages during the year and save you a lot of money. As you can see, there are many benefits to drinking water. I hope you know see how crucial water is to your body and why you should consume it on a regular basis. You can only survive several days without water, so make sure you drink up. And by drinking water to ensure you stay living well, you will have some extra money to spend on things in your life that you can enjoy. Darren McGlaughlin Public Speaking Barbara Warnick Persuasive Speech 1 February 13, 2013 Speech Topic: Drink More Water Introduction 1. Who chooses water at restaurant or home? 2.Show MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Clean Drinking Water Pollution2357 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract The sustenance of safe and quality drinking water is increasingly becoming an urgent priority due to global pollution. It means that maintaining clean drinking water requires effective policies, regulations, and acts that identify, document, and eliminate health risks in all potable water sources. Water pathogenic microorganisms must be understood and identified in water sources because they have a relationship with acute and chronic illnesses. 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Red Cliff and Early Chinese Notions Free Essays

Red Cliff and Early Chinese Notions Introduction The philosophies of early Chinese thinkers differ greatly from the mindset of modern day philosophers. The four major philosophies of China, Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism and Legalism arose primarily during the Warring States era from 475 BC to 221 BC. Following the end of the Qin Dynasty and the fall of Qin Shi Huang, Confucianism became the dominant philosophical school in China. We will write a custom essay sample on Red Cliff and Early Chinese Notions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Confucianism represented the teachings of Chinese philosopher, Confucius, concerning the fields of ethics and politics and emphasizes on personal and government morality, humaneness and one’s duty to family and society. Following the popularity of Confucianism and the death of Confucius, the creation of The Analects or Lunyu , was written by Confucius’ followers and disciples in the Warring States period. His teachings were the first to introduce the concept of meritocracy which considers that one’s status in society should not be determined by ancestry, wealth, or friendship but rather on education and one’s character. Confucius also explores notions on human nature and self cultivation and the purpose of human existence. This paper will focus on early Chinese philosophies of the relationship between the individual and the state and the relationship between man and nature with references and examples from the film, Red Cliff. The Relationship between the Individual and the State The three core concepts of Confucianism, â€Å"filial devotion (xiao), humaneness (ren), and ritual decorum (li)† (Sources of Chinese Tradition, p. 3) embed the behavioural standards and expectations of how a person should practice these virtues. Furthermore, the three essential values integrate into Confucius’ views on government as well. Filial piety practiced within one’s family translates into how much one is willing to give to society which results in the stability of a state. Humaneness observes the importance of a ruler treating his people as how he would want to be treated if he were in their po sition. In Confucius’ perspective, ritual offers a sense of respect s rites are a mean of expression of a leader’s morality and also â€Å"encourages a sense of dignity and responsiveness among the people† (Sources of Chinese Tradition, p. 43). Filial piety ? is considered the most fundamental of all Confucian teachings. The term can have a broad meaning that not only includes the obedience a child must show for his parents but also respect that should be shown to the living and dead. Filial piety develops into five relationships: ruler to ruled, father to son, husband to wife, elder brother to younger brother, and friend to friend. When subjects respect their ruler and the ruler respects the Heavens, the state will in turn thrive and prosper. From The Analects, Confucius states, â€Å"If a ruler himself is upright, all will go well without orders. But if he himself is not upright, even though he gives orders they will not be obeyed†. The concept of filial piety is displayed in many different ways in the film, Red Cliff. Because of the compassion and brotherhood the southern warlord, Liu Bei, has shown towards his subjects, they were prepared to sacrifice their lives for him and the state. Because Liu Bei has treated his ministers and warriors with respect, as a result, they willingly followed his leadership. Conversely on Cao Cao’s side, his subjects were obedient towards him but only because they were afraid of him. They know not to trust Cao Cao because of his apprehensive and suspicious character that could result in impulsive decisions to kill anyone without any reason or justification. Loosely quoted from Zhuge Liang, â€Å"Although Cao Cao leads a large army, the majority surrendered to him so they are not as trustworthy. † He has not shown humaneness ? o his subjects, therefore they were not motivated to fight for him. Another example of filial piety and the relationship between the individual and the state is displayed through Xiao Qiao’s decision to cross over to Cao Cao’s camp in order to buy time for the Southerners. Her duty to her husband and the state required her to forsake her personal interests including her life, her child ’s life, and her relationship with her husband, for the greater good. â€Å"This is our home. Our people gladly give their lives for her sake. How can I stand idly by. † – Xiao Qiao (Red Cliff II, 2009) Many Western philosophers may not understand and argue that the Chinese philosophy of individualism emphasizes on one’s connection to external powers of authority rather than total independence and creativity. However the Chinese tradition is not about conforming each person’s ideas and sacrificing oneself for society, it â€Å"focuses on the individual as a vitally integrated element within a larger familial, social, political, and cosmic whole† (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Brindley). The core meaning of individualism is the thought of one’s self cultivation and the moral obligation to society and the importance of public service. This definition leads to the term junzi which simply means the ideal of becoming the â€Å"perfect man† who â€Å"combines the qualities of saint, scholar, and gentleman†. The two most prominent examples of a junzi in the film are Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang. Zhou Yu’s forgiving nature allows him to achieve a greater good for his people when he chose to pardon his friend’s action of siding with Cao Cao. He did not choose to kill him when his childhood friend tried to convince him to surrender to Cao Cao but instead tolerated his friend’s disloyal character. On the other hand, Zhuge Liang is a good representation of a junzi as he uses his moral autonomy to help the people. Because he knows clearly what is right and wrong, he combines his intelligence with righteousness to convince others of accepting his strategies as an advisor. In conclusion, both having filial piety and being a junzi are two of the ways the early Chinese believe an individual can contribute back into society. In the film Red Cliff, the underlying moral of the story relates back to these two themes whether it is in the form of brotherhood, husband and wife or a leader and his subjects. The Relationship between Man and Nature The relationship between man and nature in classical Chinese philosophy can be characterized as the â€Å"relation of Heaven and man† or the fundamental concept of â€Å"tienren he yi† . The academic aim of Chinese thinkers was to educate the people on this philosophy. As quoted from Sima Qian stating the purpose of his work Records of the Grand Historian, â€Å"I want to hereby elucidate the relation of Heaven and man, to discern its historical development from Past to Present, and to state my distinctive views. After the middle period of the Warring States, classical thinkers strongly emphasized the relation of Heaven and man. When Confucius speaks about the â€Å"Mandate of Heaven† and when Mozi talks about the â€Å"Will of Heaven†, they are ultimately referring to nature as Heaven being the supreme entity of the world, above all kings and all sources of power. However this philosophy was divided into two sides, one highlighting the unity between man and nature and the other putting much emphasis on the separation of the two. Nevertheless, the doctrines supporting the unity of man and nature was more influential and accepted more widely as the thought of stressing on the separation of the two was only held by a minority. Therefore it can be assumed that most Chinese philosophers place high social values on peace and harmony and the idea of â€Å"unity of nature and man†. To the Chinese, the relationship between humans and nature was regarded as reciprocals. Heaven, earth, and man represented a single unity governed by the cosmic law or dao. Mencius, the most famous of Confucius’ followers, thought of Heaven as the highest order in which even the emperor or â€Å"Son of Heaven† should obey. Reinstating the idea of the hierarchy of respect Mencius states that †¦when the personal life is cultivated, the family will be regulated; when the family is regulated, the state will be in order; and when the state is in order, there will be peace throughout the world. From the Son of Heaven down to the common people, all must regard the cultivation of personal life as the root or foundation. Mencius believed that a person’s moral self is the basis of having a harmonized society. And in order for a leader to earn the respect and support of his subjects, he must first respect the Heavens. Since humans are an integral part of nature, man should also obey the laws of nature. According the Mencius, human nature is given by Heaven, therefore the two are interconnected. In Confucian thinking, the meaning of Heaven or nature has a variety of aspects, including the sky, weather, the natural order, and also a moral order. One of Confucius’ disciples Xunzi quotes â€Å"tian as a atural order, operating according to unchanging principles, not intervening in extraordinary ways in human affair but, rather, providing the context within which all living things exist† (Sources of Chinese Tradition, p. 170). Other Confucians also adopted the idea of oneness of Heaven and man. â€Å"All things exist together, and they do not harm each other; all ways exist together, a nd they do not come into conflict† – Zhongyong (Doctrine of the Mean). In the film Red Cliff, an example of acting out against nature or Heaven can be seen from Cao Cao’s perception of the war. When Cao Cao tells Zhou Yu that he cannot believe he lost the war because of the wind, Zhou Yu replies him, â€Å"Because you don’t understand the Will of Heaven. † The meaning of this phrase can be seen as having two connotations. The first, because Cao Cao did not understand the patterns of the weather, he was unable to predict the time when the wind was going to change directions. The second significance has a more profound undertone in which Zhou Yu means that Cao Cao did not recognize the natural order wherein society should follow under harmonized principles that the Heavens intended (tian yi, . Because Cao Cao always thought he was responsible for bringing together all the states as an order of the Emperor, he could not see past his own greed and ambitions. He perceived the war as child’s play and disrupts peace in the country to achieve his goal of total dominance. His belief of unifying the states contradicts the early philosophers’ notions of all things existing in harmony and having self cultivation and moral order as the true â€Å"Will of Heaven†. Conclusion In conclusion, one can see that classical Chinese philosophers developed ideas that are rarely seen in Western philosophies. The Chinese philosophies characterize how fundamental they perceive moral principles and self cultivation as the basis of society. Essentially, these notions relate to the promotion of human relations towards a harmonious society through its inclusiveness of Heaven, Earth, and Human order. Reference List De, Bary William Theodore, Irene Bloom, Wing-tsit Chan, Joseph Adler, and Richard John Lufrano. Sources of Chinese Tradition. New York: Columbia UP, 1999. Print Hagop Sarkissian. â€Å"Individualism in Early China: Human Agency and the Self in Thought and Politics (review). † Philosophy East and West 62. 3 (2012): 408-410. Project MUSE. Web. 17 Oct. 2012. http://muse. jhu. edu/. Red Cliff Chi Bi. Magnolia Home Entertainment, 2008. DVD â€Å"Theories Concerning Man and Nature in Classical Chinese Philosophy. † CHAPTER I. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13 Oct. 2012. http://www. crvp. org/book/Series03/III-1/chapter_i. htm. How to cite Red Cliff and Early Chinese Notions, Essay examples

Fall Precaution on the Elderly in Medical-Free-Samples for Student

Question: Discuss about the Evidence based Practice on fall precaution on the Elderly in Medical. Answer: Introduction: The current study focuses on the aspect of evidence based practice for prevention of fall of the elderly patients in the hospital ward. There is a need to adopt measures for lowering of accidents, which occurs due to the falling of elderly patients aged 65 and above. Thus, reports and data have shown that almost 30% of the accidents could be accounted to such falling of the aged in the medical ward. The assignment provides a detailed idea entailing the problem, the strategies undertaken for the implementation of the objectives. The assignment focuses upon the benefits provided by the Evidence Based Model (EBP) in a medical ward. It aims at improving as well as standardizing the methods practiced in the medical wards. The implementation of the EBP model can help in reducing the time spent in the treatment of the elderly in the medical ward. Moreover, the same could potentially reduce injury from fall risk manifold times. Background and objectives One of the major causes of injury in the current decade within the older population has been from falling. In this context, the figures and statistical data received have pointed out at fall to be the most common cause of injuries within the age group. Reports have shown that in the year 2001, almost 2.7 million adults in the United States have been admitted to hospitals for treatment of non-fatal injuries (Boltz et al. 2016). The occurrence of such falls has often been seen to result in injuries to vulnerable parts of the body including the head (Hshieh et al. 2015). The study aims at designing suitable Evidence based practice model (EBP) aiming towards the incorporation of physical exercises in the daily care routine of patients. It also aims at providing care treatments at low cost, which may prevent the hospital bills from rising. Thus, inculcation of light exercises such as stretching and balancing may allow more flexibility to the patients. For this purpose, 35 odd numbers of p atients had been selected by the nurse belonging to lower risk fall group. Rationale and strategies Statistical reports have suggested that 85.3 % of the injuries in Singapore have been due to falling down accidentally. As suggested by Clegg et al. (2013), the population of the senior citizen in Singapore is gradually increasing. For the implementation of the EBP plan, there is a need to design a model based on which the change can be implemented, such as the IOWA model. As per the model, implementing physical exercises can be a convenient alternative to medicines. The analysis done based on the IOWA model, suggested that introduction of physical exercises along with anti-slip footwear, supply of sticks for support during walking could reduce the risk of fall. As suggested by Clegg et al. (2013), exercise such as balance training and stretching can improve the resistance in individuals by making muscles stronger. Some of the stretching exercises, which could be implemented by the nurse for the fall risk patients, are reclining pigeon, standing triceps stretch, butterfly stretch. However, for that purpose, the nursing staff would need to select a specific patient group. The nurse here can choose from the ones who are at lower risk of fall or in mentally sound conditions. Thus, a target group of 35 participants had been selected by the nurse with better physical and mental control for participating in the care regimen. Thus, once the goal is agreed upon the by the hospital staffs, permission needs to be taken from the stakeholders as well. Moreover, campaigns could be organized for educating the masses on the benefits of physical exercises. Figure 1: IOWA model (Source: Buckwalter et al. 2017 ) Potential impacts and evaluation The successful implementation of the proposed plan helps in reducing the number of falls. It also helps in controlling the severity of the injury inflicted because of such fall among the elderly. The impacts or the desired changes can be evaluated with the help of a number of methods such as conducting a risk assessment by the nursing management (Karlsson et al. 2013). Additionally, implementation of light exercises by the nursing professional, such as balance training for 2 hours daily can prevent accidental fall in the elderly. Moreover, providing physiotherapy to the patients by the daily care nurses can help in relieving the painful conditions. For the mitigation of the training requirements, a group of 10-12 nurses could be employed for designing specific exercises. Thus, following the IOWA model for designing the treatment plan can be useful in this regard. Barriers to the implementation of the plan The presence of co-morbid conditions would mean that the nurse has to take into consideration additional concerns while designing the training exercises. Thus, unavailability of sufficient information regarding patient health can act as a huge deterrence for the nursing professionals (McClure et al. 2009). However, as asserted by Canning et al. (2015), lack of awareness regarding care plans such as EBP can prevent the nurses from implementing the exercises, which may reduce the risk of fall among elderly patients. Moreover, the barriers can be further grouped into a number of categories such as individual, environmental and organizational categories. Thus, lack of sufficient support from the management and staff can hinder the attainment of the objectives. Moreover, at the individual and the organizational level lack of teamwork can act as a demotivation (Gillespie et al. 2009). It has been seen particularly seen that during the shuffling of staffs the midwives are often not willing to share adequate information with the enrolled nurses. This can also serve as a barrier to the achievement of the objective along with time liabilities also serve as another constraint. Moreover, lack of sufficient support from the patient and their respective families often results in ethical dilemmas. Conclusion Community-based programs were found to be useful in reducing the risk of such accidents. Additionally, a risk assessment conducted from time to time in order to figure out ones mostly at the risk of injury from falling. The intervention and strategies for management of such accidents have been emphasized over here in order to arrive at a suitable alternative. Moreover, one needs to maintain a strong and transparent communication regarding the care strategies with the patients. This helps in the provision of informed care along with entailing sufficient autonomy to the support users. Reflection For the present assignment evidence based practice for prevention of fall in the elderly in the medical ward have been highlighted. My lecturer introduced me to the topic, as part of my nursing study and research. I was skeptical and apprehensive about the outcome of the measures undertaken. However, I always had keen interest in the area of preventing support care to the elderly. Initially, I had difficulty in narrowing down to the right articles and keywords for the completion of the essay. However, with the help of my guide and peers I later picked on the momentum. The topic helped me in evaluating the different parameters related to prevention of fall the medical ward. The study helped me understand the importance of the EBP model in catering to the needs of the care service users. The inculcation of the model could provide more autonomy to the support user. This could help in removing biases in the care system along with enabling the users to make informed choices. I felt that there are a number of downsides to the implementation of the model. The success of the model is based upon gathering and processing of the data through research and analysis. However, as a trainee nurse, I have felt that limitation in understanding and comprehending the databases could act as a potential deterrence. I think the use of Evidence Based Practice model (EBP) used by the nurse can bring about positive changes in the support set. The model is based upon a number of parameters such as evidence from research, clinical expertise and the values and the beliefs of the patients. The model allows the nurse to provide sufficient autonomy to the patients in deciding their care plan. A report from random and control trial has suggested that a well-structured assessment of repetitive falling can help in reducing the incidence of such accidents. As supported by Miake-Lye et al. (2013), the model challenges the paternalism view of the medical practitioners in having the final say. Studies have suggested that changes in the environment of the support service user can further bring about positive results from the model. Figure 2: Evidence based program model (EBP) (Source: Fixsen et al. 2013) As a nursing trainee catering to the needs of patients suffering from fall based injury, I could focus more on the incorporation of exercises. Thus, implementing exercises such as balance training and weight training could help in providing more flexibility to the patients. Additionally, incorporation of health supplements such as vitamin D can also improve the resistance power in such individuals. Thus, I need to educate myself as well as my patients more on the importance of exercises. Further, I can organize educational seminars for the patients with the help of PowerPoint presentations and DVDs in order to enlighten the support users regarding the precautionary measures they can take on a personal level. Thus, implementation of the EBP helps in providing more autonomy to the service users. This also helps in mitigating the wide spread costs involved in the maintenance of the infrastructural support. References Boltz, M., Capezuti, E., Fulmer, T. T., Zwicker, D. (Eds.). (2016).Evidence-based geriatric nursing protocols for best practice. Berlin: Springer Publishing Company. Brownson, R. C., Baker, E. A., Deshpande, A. D., Gillespie, K. N. (2017).Evidence-based public health. London: Oxford University Press. Buckwalter, K. C., Cullen, L., Hanrahan, K., Kleiber, C., McCarthy, A. M., Rakel, B., ... Tucker, S. (2017). Iowa Model of Evidence?Based Practice: Revisions and Validation.Worldviews on Evidence?Based Nursing,14(3), 175-182. Canning, C. G., Sherrington, C., Lord, S. R., Close, J. C., Heritier, S., Heller, G. Z., ... O'Rourke, S. D. (2015). Exercise for falls prevention in Parkinson disease A randomized controlled trial.Neurology,84(3), 304-312. Clegg, A., Young, J., Iliffe, S., Rikkert, M. O., Rockwood, K. (2013). Frailty in elderly people.The Lancet,381(9868), 752-762. Dias, S., Welton, N. J., Sutton, A. J., Caldwell, D. M., Lu, G., Ades, A. E. (2013). Evidence synthesis for decision making 4: inconsistency in networks of evidence based on randomized controlled trials.Medical Decision Making,33(5), 641-656. Fixsen, D., Blase, K., Metz, A., Van Dyke, M. (2013). Statewide implementation of evidence-based programs.Exceptional Children,79(2), 213-230. Gillespie LD, Gillespie WJ, Robertson MC, Lamb SE, Cumming RG, Rowe BH (2009). Interventions for preventing falls in elderly people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 3. [update 2012] (Level 1) Harris, C., Garrubba, M., Allen, K., King, R., Kelly, C., Thiagarajan, M., ... Farjou, D. (2015). Development, implementation and evaluation of an evidence-based program for introduction of new health technologies and clinical practices in a local healthcare setting.BMC health services research,15(1), 575. Hshieh, T. T., Yue, J., Oh, E., Puelle, M., Dowal, S., Travison, T., Inouye, S. K. (2015). The effectiveness of multi-component nonpharmacological delirium interventions: a meta-analysis. JAMA internal medicine,175(4), 512-520. Karlsson, M. K., Magnusson, H., von Schewelov, T., Rosengren, B. E. (2013). Prevention of falls in the elderlya review.Osteoporosis International,24(3), 747-762. McClure RJ, Turner C, Peel N, Spinks A, Eakin E, Hughes K. Population-based interventions for the prevention of fall related injuries in older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005:1. (Level 3) Miake-Lye, I. M., Hempel, S., Ganz, D. A., Shekelle, P. G. (2013). Inpatient Fall Prevention Programs as a Patient Safety StrategyA Systematic Review.Annals of internal medicine,158(5_Part_2), 390-396. Potter, C. (2015). Leadership development: an applied comparison of Gibbs Reflective Cycle and Scharmers Theory U.Industrial and Commercial Training,47(6), 336-342. Royse, D., Thyer, B. A., Padgett, D. K. (2015).Program evaluation: An introduction to an evidence-based approach. London: Cengage Learning. Sherrington C, Tiedemann A, Fairhall N, Close JC, Lord SR. Exercise to prevent falls in older adults: an updated meta-analysis and best practice recommendations. N S W Public Health Bull. 2011; 22(3-4):78-83. (Level 1) Spice CL, Morotti W, George S, Dent THS, Rose J, Harris S, et al. The Winchester falls project: a randomized controlled trial of secondary prevention of falls in older people. Age Ageing. 2009:38(1): 3340. (Level 1) 3. Uusi-Rasi, K., Patil, R., Karinkanta, S., Kannus, P., Tokola, K., Lamberg-Allardt, C., Sievnen, H. (2015). Exercise and vitamin D in fall prevention among older women: a randomized clinical trial.JAMA internal medicine,175(5), 703-711.

Leadership Skills in an Inpatient Ward free essay sample

Completing the Balance Sheet Student Handout Contents: 1. Learning Objectives 2. Tutorial Questions 3. Lecture Materials Lecturer: Dry Victoria Clout Website: http://tell. Nuns. Du. AU Introduction and Learning Objectives In this week we are turning our attention towards the remaining major component of the balance sheet owners equity. Like liabilities, owners equity represents another form of financing for a business. At first glance, liabilities (capital provided by redirectors) and owners equity (capital provided by owners or shareholders) may look very different. As we delve deeper into the topic, however, you will appreciate that debt and equity are at either end of a continuum of financial instruments and that sometimes, financial instruments exhibit both debt- and equity-like qualities. Further, you will note that some financing arrangements do not appraisers assignment is about a reflective account of my role as a team leader in the management of a difficult staff that resulted in a permanent change on the ward. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Skills in an Inpatient Ward or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To provide a critical discussion, analysis and balanced account of my leadership role in managing difficult staff and planning a change in team. I work as a team leader in a 16 bed unit, a very busy inpatient setting with dementia and end of life care, majority of our staff are nurses and care support worker.. Am saddled with the responsibility of assessing middle age and elderly patients with dementia presenting with challenging behaviors that can not be managed else here, following referrals from continue care team and other agencies. We manage patient on short and long term bases, We provide end of life care for the dying patients.. The unit function under a shift pattern system and uncompleted Job is to be handed over to the relieving staff.. Handover is given by the coordinator of each shift to the relieving staff. The clinical problems with our clients is advanced dementia of various types, insidious anxiety, refractive depression and chronic psychosis The type of care the unit provide is based on person centered care planning. Patients care plans and individual need provisions is centered around identified risks, previous history from career and next of kin. What has worked well in the past, patient hobby and profession. As the team leader I conduct pre-admission assessment, The purpose of this assessment is to determine patient suitability for the type of care we provide. For each patient a mental capacity assessment is done to determine the level of involvement and what multidisciplinary team to contact for holistic care delivery. Patient needs/care plans are based on information on hygiene deeds, washing and dressing, individual nutritional needs and mobility assessment as all our patient have cognitive impairment and will depend on staff for all activities of daily living, such as washing, bathing, choice of dress to wear, eating and drinking, sleep and their physical well being, thereby promoting their safety, privacy, maintaining their dignity, all in the best interest of individual patient. Mental capacity act 2005 1 have chosen to write and highlight poor decision making, refusal to work as part of a team on the part of one of my staff and how I displayed my managerial skills. I happened to be on a late shift one day and one of my patient suddenly became unconscious, not talking and not responding to stimuli hence I made a decision to send him to A on the general side in accordance with the trust policy and best practice. When the relieving staff on night duty resumed I intimated her about this development and the need to send one of the night staff to monitor this patient until he his admitted to a ward. Deny et al (2001) States that leadership task may be distributed between leaders at different times or when there is an immediate need to manage identified risk. The staff nurse in charge of night shift bluntly refused to send a nurse to A, she was killing time as she refused to make concrete decision. As a team leader I have the mandate to make sure all the patients are safe hence I took it upon myself to allocate a Junior member of staff on night duty to go and relief the attorney stats wit n the patient in A as the consequences to leaving this particular patient unmonitored could be grievous for the staff and the trust as an organization. Leaders with good initiative skills we always recognize issues, problems, and find avenue to amend it by taking spontaneous and appropriate actions (Babel 2002). Unfortunately the night shift coordinator did not see anything wrong with her decision, she appears to lack self awareness as she was very unrepentant in her attitude. I acted in line with. NASH 2006 Leadership Qualities Framework, LLC. LLC (2006) describes the qualities expected of existing and aspiring leaders, both now and in the near future. It comprises leadership qualities arranged in three clusters Personal Qualities, Setting Direction and Delivering the Service. The above leadership qualities frame work is in line with Great man theories and rat theories which have a firm rooted believe that leaders are blessed with certain qualities that instigate them to lead others. The following day I explained what happened to my line manager, who in turn complained to the service manager. The Issue was treated as competency issue as the senior officers from human resources were involved and a disciplinary committee was set up. During the hearing the staff affected denied all the allegations but the two witnesses called testified against her; my manager also noted that most of the times she tends to argue and it has always en very difficult to get her to meet person centered care plan criteria.. She does not know the implication of her actions and the negative effect it has on delivering effective patient care. Barker et al (2006) states that, the highly important aspect or criteria of meeting patients needs include access to care, communication with health care providers, and effectiveness of interventions and efficiency of treatment. At the end of the preliminary hearing, the disciplinary committee placed the affected staff on six months supervised practice. This mean she cannot work on her own and all re clinical Jobs must be monitored and countersigned by another qualified staff.. As a team we felt that this was poor practice, hence changes had to be made as it would ultimately affect patient care and general staff performance. Initially she was supervised for three months by my manager and she worked closely with me and had regular supervision for the remaining three months, during which all other areas she needed development were clearly identified, addressed and evaluated through mandatory trainings, identified learning needs and clinical supervisions. According to Sense (1990), organizations have the capacity to learn and to change in specific ways based on processes and techniques focused on learning to learn . During this period I had opportunity to highlight what the individual was doing well and areas she needed to improve on. A client-centered supervisor would be concerned to communicate the core conditions of acceptance, respect and genuineness to her supervise. (Page and Weakest 1994: 4) As am the team leader responsible for managing the team, day to day care for the patients on the ward and some other management duties to improve on safety and he quality of the service we provide. I found it reasonable to incorporate lot of leadership qualities and framework to manage my team and provide care to service users. At the end of her six month supervised practice she was one of the six staff nurses allocate to me to give both management and clinical supervision to on monthly basis. This was to ensure that staff adhere to trust policies, to ensure all staff attend mandatory trainings and ensure all staff are aware and maintain safe practice, embrace health and safety policies. Crosier (2005) emphasized that effective raining facilitated people in learning new knowledge. However, she stated that people should act based on the information they had. Moreover, knowledge is important, and it must be followed with action. Before I allocate task to my team members I made it a point of duty to ensure that such staff have adequate knowledge to undertake such a task thereby reducing errors and bad practice. Hourly Wright 2001 viii) During the individual supervision session I take time to audit each staff electronic record keeping, allocated patient care plans, risk assessments and patient well being monitoring record, particular attention was directed at staff training as the trust believes that for staff to perform and deliver effective services they must be well informed and competent to practice, link nurse roles and investigation of serious untoward incidents. Personal development plans with achievable clear goals and objectives were put in place . My interaction with the supervises was based on traditional medical model of supervision, which is problem solving centered, this approach is closely related to solution focused approach. I also observed that managing a team that has worked together for long at times attempt to undermine the team leader position and ritually erode his/her confidence and management skills which could possibly damage other team members morale. According to Sullivan Decker (2008) a leader is anyone who is able to impact and influences others to achieve specific targets. Combination of leadership styles was used for managing this change I had initially adopted a democratic change style of leadership as I gave the staff in charge of the relieving shift the opportunity to appoint one staff to take over the patient in A E, this style was also closely related to theory Y as I encouraged the staff to take active intro of the situation but when she refused I then decided to be more authoritarian by deciding who was to go with immediate effect. The most important aspect of this style is that it ensures Job are done within very short period of time. Authoritarian leadership style is more of theory X where leader passes on information from top to those below and if Job is not completed to satisfaction the Junior officers might be threatened with punishment to achieve result suitable for groups and for extended periods and promotes growth in an individual worker (Marquis and Huston 2009). Some of the conflict management model used on the unit are:- collaboration which is closely related to democratic theory of management. Collaboration is working as a team, This ensures full participation of all multidisciplinary team members and is mostly used when making a popular decision, it allows staff to examine issues from different perspective and merge integrated insight to achieve results. Compromising This is mostly used by the unit management to achieve quick result. Most especially where competition and collaboration will not achieve good result. Assertiveness was seed where there is need to be assertive for better understanding and team effectiveness and quick result, e. When I decided to nominate someone from the night staff as the staff in charge of night shift was been difficult. This appears to be more to down ward meaner to communication el trot the leader to the subordinates and is closely related to authoritarian theory of leadership. Competing and accommodating- This modules were well established among the Junior members of the team; a policy of give and take was developed. Individual members of the team knows that at the end of the day there is no winner and no looser. Van De Wert Umea, 1994). Emphasized on the importance of accepting others views as it aids conflict resolution. A team building day was organized to address various issues affecting team spirit and performances. In attendants were all professionals involved in the unit multidisciplinary team decision making and care delivery. Somerset (2001) stressed that effective service delivery will require taking leadership too very deep level. Day (2001) and Pennington and Hartley 2009) Suggested the need to redirect leadership development to include the whole team and not individual development. Factors responsible for team conflicts such as communication issues I. Poor communication, lack of communication, poor leadership and management styles, poor problem solving skills, personal problems and personality conflicts High handedness from the management, lack of good skill and ability to deliver services. Team members boredom and not feeling adequately challenged to deliver. All the above mentioned factors usually results in failure to share information or poor hand over of care delivered, concealing inf ormation, hostility, verbal and physical display of aggressions, keeping malice, passing bocks, bullying and verbal abuse and rudeness. As clinicians, clinical leadership competency framework was employed to resolve issues, all team members were divided into groups and each group made use of self assessment tool with the main aim of delivering optimal level of care to service users by demonstrating ability to work with others, demonstrating personal qualities, managing services, improving services and setting directions. Leadership Academys 1 employed various leadership soft skills in the day to day managing of y team, by giving feedback, listening, motivating staff members and using various communication strategies such as the use of emails, ward diary, communication book and memos. Thereby ensuring clear communication in the delivery of ward messages and to effect changes where necessary. Different mode of communication such as vertical, horizontal and downward mode was frequently used depending on what and who was to be addressed to achieve the units aims and objectives. Soft skills is a sociological term relating to a persons CEQ (Emotional Intelligence Quotient), the luster of personality traits, social graces, communication, language, personal habits, friendliness, and optimism that characterize relationships with other people. I regularly seek supervision with my line manager for the following reasons: To enable me identify and stop me from picking up bad habits and practices, to afford me the confidence to challenge bad practices and to be able to think deeply in some areas of practice, it also gave me the opportunity to learn from mine and others experiences, it affords me the opportunity to give and receive feedback.. Hawkins and ) Considering the progress achieved in the team performance and service delivery due to team cohesion and hard work I strongly belie ve that conflicts have contributed positively to the growth of the team, my personal development, understanding in terms of team work and good communication with colleagues and service user. The payoffs achievements of up to date leadership style, good team spirit and reliable customer care and service delivery. In conclusion conflict is not always bad thing in team working but if well managed could result in improvement in group performance, increases personal and organization velveteen, brings about individual and group awareness, boost individual morale and enhance team productivity. It also improves managerial and leadership roles, enhances improvement in skill required by leader to move the team forward. Monika (1991) contends that the creation of new knowledge in an organization does not emerge simply by processing objective information. In the balance sheet at all! In our discussion of equity financing, we discuss the option of using equity as a source for resources (assets) of the corporation. Shareholders are a key source of initial finance for a company. While traditionally regarded as the owners of a companys assets, more recent thought suggests that the shareholder exchanges their investment in a company for a right to the residual cash flows of the firm (dividends). At the end of this topic, you should be able to: LOL . Describe the components of owners equity ALL.

Court history and Purpose

Court history and Purpose Court History and Purpose Running head: COURT HISTORY AND PURPOSE PAGE \* Arabic 1 COURT HISTORY AND PURPOSE PAGE \* Arabic 2Court History and PurposeCJA/224 - Introduction to Criminal Court SystemCourt History and PurposeCourts are a critical part of the criminal justice system. They are based on the English common law system and are generally organized in a three-tiered hierarchy. Although all American court systems, follow this essential arrangement there are differences between them and all have exceptions. While each has its own exceptions, it is imperative to stress that they all follow the same basic structure.Court and its PurposeIt is essential to maintain separate systems when dealing with criminal cases. These individual systems include the police, the courts, and the corrections. Depending on the circumstance, some cases are held at a state level and others at a federal level. The purpose of the court system is to provide a setting in which disputes are settled and justice is administered in acc ordance with the rule of the law.Seal for the United States Fifth Circuit courts (i...The courts generally consist of a judge, a prosecutor, and a defense attorney. The judge is the person who is appointed to oversee the case and offer the final decision to dispose of a case. The prosecutor is the person who is representing the state or government in the case and the defense attorney is the person who is representing the accused. Each party can bring forth their case before the court to determine if the accused is guilty or innocent. The final verdict is usually provided by a third party, either a judge or a jury, who are unbiased. There are two major court systems, the civil courts and the common law courts. Civil law courts are based upon the judicial system in France, while the...

Adults across America Essay Example for Free

Adults across America Essay ? Although this type of outrageous behavior may upset many people, it is accepted widely and enjoyed by millions of teenagers and adults across America. People in America have become desensitized to sex and violence by having organizations such as the WWF making it appear â€Å"O.K.† on television. Although it is immoral and not yet accepted by society, pornography is rampant in America, with strip clubs and porn shops situated in the same areas as family shopping centers. Violence can be seen everywhere, especially in the evening news. Wrestling takes the two biggest topics of American society, and turns them into a two hour show. Americans accept this and are willing to watch or pay to see the action. Although many wrestling fans such as myself view the show and see it as pure entertainment, there are many more people who believe what they see. Sadly, these type of people make up a large portion of wrestling fans. Because of this, many nations see Americans as â€Å"ignorant† and â€Å"shallow.† Critics claim that wrestling is a â€Å"Cultural Phenomenon† which embodies all of the negative aspects of American culture. People who are willing to watch a man rolling around in feces or someone falling twenty feet from a cage into a wooden table instead of doing something that could be potentially productive does not say much for American society. Opponents of professional wrestling may also say that the direction and values of American culture are quickly deteriorating, in part, due to a cultural phenomenon such as professional wrestling. As long as Americans demand instant gratification and the quick fixes of raunchy entertainment, phenomena such as wrestling will be around to act as mindless distractions from the real world. The critics of wrestling have not stopped its tremendous success across the world. Wrestling can be seen as a form of entertainment, just as movies and sports represent the same kind of enjoyment to viewers. Wrestling is not the cause of society’s deterioration, as it is meant to please viewers across America. One form of entertainment is not going to cause American society to crumble. Wrestling used to represent â€Å"good guy vs. bad guy.† Times have changed, and now, everyone cheers for wrestlers such as â€Å"The Rock† and â€Å"Stone Cold Steve Austin† who portray qualities that the fans appreciate. The Rock is extremely popular, due to his â€Å"coolness factor.† Everytime he gets on the microphone, he promises to â€Å"Lay The Smackdown on Someone’s Candyass† and things of that nature. He always praises the fan’s, and considers himself the â€Å"People’s Champion.† Because of his popularity, it doesn’t matter if he wrestles a â€Å"good guy† or a â€Å"bad guy.† Fans like someone they can cheer, but would not cheer someone who appears corny, like a â€Å"superhero† type character. Professional wrestling never has any repeats, and always keeps a fresh, new storyline. That may be the biggest reason why people keep tuning in to this phenomenon. When it comes down to watching either a rerun of â€Å"Ally McBeal† or a live â€Å"WWF Raw,† many people would choose to watch something new, such as â€Å"WWF Raw.† American society is constantly evolving, and over time, all people need to accept the changes that it goes through, whether positive or negative. Pioch, Nicolas. â€Å"Realism.† January 1, 1996. http://www.oir.ucf.edu/wm/paint/glo/realism/  (December 16, 1999)  Roberts, J.M. The Penguin History of the World. London, England : Helicon Publishing, 1992.  Ross, Cilla. June, 1999. â€Å"Greek Democracy in Practice.† http://www.oir.ucf.edu   (December 18, 1999) Adults across America. (2017, Aug 21).

Teamwork and Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Teamwork and Motivation - Essay Example There are the principles that if stressed upon properly would build activities to strengthen health care organization. First of all teams need to work on common grounds and interest which should only be mutual interest of patient and improve facilities for him. An important aspect of success of a good team is the provision and implementation of various team building activities. Keeping in mind the demands of a health care setting, one major activity that can help strengthen the teamwork and quality of care delivery is to organize meetings. Every health care team should meet on regular basis to discuss and manage the aim of that delegation that is to work for providing the highest levels of quality care to the patient. Moving on, considering the successful outcome of such meetings and gatherings, all the pros and cons should be considered. There need to be certain objectives that should be achieved at the end of session and the leadership should not only maintain a strong relationship among working individuals but also resolve all the conflicts in working environment. In a health care setting, time is crucial and so is efficiency because the aim is saving the life or quality of life of an individual. There is absolutely no place for negligence and for this matter all the aspects of a successful teamwork should be focused upon such meetings. Probably the most important of all plans would be a strong and effective communication and sharing of professional knowledge among different disciplines. This would not only enable others to understand the problem in a better way but would also brush up person skills of any professional (WHO Patient Safety Curriculum 2008). Only in this way can meetings of health care team members can bear fruit. Different techniques have been used to improve these skills and to develop better communication and interpersonal relationship among team members. Various techniques have been used and explained by Team STEPPS

Imaging that you have been chosen to develop a United Student World Essay

Imaging that you have been chosen to develop a United Student World Assembly (USWA) - Essay Example The importance of being globally competent is in relation to their ability to comprehend, analyze and evaluate the different knowledge present in a global world (Brustein). Being globally competent will not only open new doors to the students but as well as the different cultures around the world. We the United Student World Assembly (USWA), in order to promote cooperation and understanding among students around the world by being globally competent individuals, here do ordain and establish the preamble of the United Student World Assembly. The organization will be headed by the Chairperson which will be decided by votes. The candidates will be decided upon the different representatives of different areas around the globe. The representatives will be chosen by the students of that area. The representative will then be the one eligible to run for chairperson. Being an organization of students, the United Student World Assembly will rely on the internet to create a more accessible area of meeting across the globe. It will use resources such as Live chat, emails and forum sites that are the most accessible approach in communicating with a global

Public Myth vs Social Reality Essay Example for Free

Public Myth vs Social Reality Essay Pierre Bourdieu asserts that public opinion does not exist. This poses the question, how should we conceive public opinion? If it is true that the public does not exist, than the real question is, whose opinion is public opinion? Rational Choice Theory poses that idea that human beings form their opinions and decisions based on collective observations and calculations. It also assumes all individuals are well informed of all of their options and that it is an inherent human tendency to think everyone makes decisions this way. If this is true, it would explain the blind faith people have in public opinion. It is a faith so devout, it often sways and molds popular culture ideals. Pierre Bourdieu strongly negates this view. Pierre Bourdieu is a highly acclaimed French sociologist. Born on August 1, of 1930, he recently passed away on January 23, 2002. His views embody the disciplines of many tenets including: philosophy, literary theory, sociology, and anthropology. He is the protagonist of the world of sociological studies, and he opposed and debunked some of the most prevalent antagonisms in the genre. His most popular work is Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. In the 1967 study, he interprets how members of the upper class define taste as an aesthetic. He finds that the public has no genuine representation in democratic societies. Rational Choice Theory is the theory that assume human beings naturally choose a given path dependant on whether it is the best means to achieve their goals. It is a belief in methodological individualism; this meaning it adopts the belief that social situations, and group behavior is solely the result of individual action. Within this theory, corporations and national governments are viewed as individual operators as well. The problem that arises with this theory are the certain assumptions. This theory assumes human beings are aware of certain information, of which they aren’t always aware, and it assumes that individuals consistently make mental calculations to determine their next decision. Bourdieu is historically known for his opposition to this theory, based on the fact that he feels human beings operate more based on how they feel toward a given situation or at a given time. In his book, Outline Theory of Practice, Bourdieu analyzes human nature. He points out the human tendency to conform. Doing one’s duty as a man means conforming to the social order, and this is a fundamentally a question of respecting rhythms, keeping pace, not falling out of line. ‘Don’t we all eat the same wheat cake? Don’t we all get up at the same time? These various ways of reasserting solidarity contain an implicit definition of the fundamental virtue of conformity. (Bourdieu, 1977) He later goes on to show that conformities only other opposition is eccentricity, which becomes natural for those intrigued by it irregularity. The opposite of which is the desire to stand apart from others. Working while the others are resting, staying in the house while the others are working in the fields, traveling on deserted roads, wandering round the streets of the village while the others are asleep or at the market – these are all suspicious forms of behavior. The eccentric who does everything differently (Bourdieu, 1977) Bourdieu believes that society cannot just be analyzed in terms of economic classes and ideologies, but that individual education and culture must be applied as well. Bourdieu does not separate people based on class and then analyze them, but groups everyone into what he calls a field/ social arena. This contradicts classic Marxism. In this field people compete and struggle to attain their desires. It is a system of social positions organized by terms of power relationships. This idea of terms of power is most easily defined as the differential between a judge and a lawyer. Within this field the social agents fight over monetary gain, or whatever holds symbolic significance. In all of Bourdieu’s beliefs, his most popular is his assertion that the public does not exist (1984). This concept is addressed in his book, Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, in that he feels there is a different of class taste between the ruling class and popular culture. But, within this conflict, there is no public, only a media mediating between the two and a culture to which they often cater to do so. Jon Simons addresses this concept in his essay, Governing the Public: Technologies of Mediation and Popular Culture, when he says, technologies constitute the people as a mediated public. The public is only amenable to representation in the form of an electorate which is an effect of technical organization that can mediate between people at a distance from each other. The key point of this analysis is that the public does not exist prior to or outside of its constitution. (Simons, 2002) His essay evaluates the importance of media technologies within a democracy. Bourdieu feels that in this field of power struggle, the ruling class uses their cultural capital to assert their distinction (1984). This is seen in the way politicians might only use terms or syntax understandable to the elite of society. This separation between popular culture and the elite culture of a society makes it virtually impossible for government officials to ever get the unanimous appeal for which they often aspire. Most political elites view popular cultures’ apathy towards politics with great disdain. Even still, they relentlessly attempt to relate to popular culture voters, whom they know will support them. In John Fiske’s critique on television, Television Culture he analyzes the nature of what makes popular television. He concludes that the shows that succeed in gaining popularity tend to have many symbols and plot lines containing multiple meanings. He also states that remain within a duality of containment and resistance (1987). This idea basically revolves around the fact that television producers, who are viewed as the upper class and political elite, are expected to produce material that correspond with popular culture. This material that the elite minority culture produces for the popular culture contradicts elitist ideals but allows the status quo to remain intact. This means the political elite can only remain the elite so long as they humor the beliefs and ideals of their less powerful but more dominant counterparts. The rules Fiske establishes for television shows can very easily be applied to the media. They present the media as a tool being used to prey on the wants and needs of different cultures. Another media technology that isn’t always addressed is the literary outlets in societies. This is undoubtedly the reason that Pierre Bourdieu is an acclaimed literary theorist as well, addressing such theorist as reader response theory. Reader response theory augments the importance of the role of the reader in interpreting texts. It disagrees that there is a solitary, fixed meaning integral to every literary work. This theory embraces that an individual creates his or her own meaning through a transaction with the text based on personal associations. Because all readers bring their own emotions, concerns, life experiences, and knowledge to their reading, each interpretation is subjective and unique. It is common that many people trace the foundation of reader-response theory to scholar Louise Rosenblatts influential 1938 work Literature as Exploration. She believed, close readings of literature should practice impassiveness in the study of texts and should reject all forms of personal interpretation by the reader. The text is an independent entity that could be objectively analyzed using unambiguous methodological criteria (Rosenblatts, 1938). Her work has been the topic of study for many professors and theorists who specialize in this form of analysis. In Fish’s piece, Is there a text in this class? The authority of interpretive communities, he argues that the readings of a text are culturally constructed. He feels that reader-response theory recognizes the reader as an active agent who imparts real existence to the work and completes its meaning through interpretation. Reader-response is an experience that every user goes through during the act of reading, it transpires and it affects reader and sometimes this counteracts to force user to do some practical reaction (Fish, 1986). This aspect of Stanley Fishs theory is one of the most radical and controversial and is part of the reason why many people object to the views backing this movement. He adds further rational to his stance with his view that most of the theories that are formulated on the grounds of practical experiences are likely to be accurate and are easily acceptable. The reader of reader-response theory is not just a hypothetical or theoretical reader, he is a practical reality (Fish, 1986). Since this theory has exact results it effects lives, personalities, cultures and societies. There are also some theories that fail but the reason of their failure is not the notion of being a textual work, it is their impractical approach that disappoints them (Fish, 1986). Fish’s attempt to place reader-response theory in a position of practical perspective more certifies its methodology. His political stance frees other theorists to do more in-depth analysis. Applied to the idea of public interpretation, we see that there is again another outlet for public opinion to be controlled through the targeting of specific popular culture emotions or ideals, and triggering whatever reader response might favor certain positions, or corporations. I’m sure news paper, and magazine advertisers are well studied in reader response-theory. Despite the insurmountable methods of control instilled on individuals, through popular culture, by the media, Simons argues that there are certain times when citizens group together in masses and act on their own apart from the propaganda projected by the media. A prime example of liberal citizens standing up and countering Bourdieu’s perception of public opinion is the Civil Rights movement in America. It was a much needed, and detrimental, shift in popular culture and eventually governmental law. A more contemporary version of this would be Hurricane Katrina, or 9/11. In her article Al Qaeda, Terrorism, and Military Commissions’, Ruth Wedgwood proves that though most American citizens consider terrorism to be a federal and national problem, it is very much a local one. Al Qaeda’s published doctrine maintains that there are no innocent civilians in Western society (Wedgwood, pg2)†¦ She later goes on to analyze the psychological foundation they use to form their tenet. She says,†¦this tenet leads it to [committing] the gravest of international crime[s] (Wedgwood, pg2). All of these qualities impose a large enough threat to individual human ideals and popular culture that a public arises from a nonentity. We also see this with protests. Here is where the weakness lies in Bourdieu’s theory. Despite this, we still see the prevention of certain liberal up risings maintained by systems of control, like racial, sexual and religious prejudice, or even class prejudice through the myth of the American Dream. The American dream that one can become something from nothing is the main reason why America is the fastest growing country. It is often seen as a melting pot encompassing many different religions and nationalities. People move to America with dreams of becoming wealthy, but many of the ideologies that have existed within the country for years inhibit these dreams from coming true. It is Harlon L. Dalton’s belief that Horatio Alger’s writings, during the mid to late 1800’s, promoted a destructive myth that overlooked the realities of society. Dalton specifically targets Alger’s story Ragged Dick, about a young man who devoutly works his way up the American corporate ladder slowly succeeding based on his merit. Dalton feels the myth implied by this is that the American dream is accessible to all those who are willing to work for it. Alger has been a highly acclaimed writer in American culture, and the popularity of his work partly suggests that most Americans have and inherent belief in this myth. If this mindset is a part of the mental tapestry of America, and it is as destructive as Dalton claims it to be, it would mean that American’s are inherently delusional. One might argue that this is only the problem of the minorities in this country, but Dalton protests that part of the want for most Americans to believe in this myth is fueled by a white discomfort with addressing the reality of a racial problem in America. He identifies this when he says, By interring the myth of Horatio Alger, or at least forcing it to coexist with social reality, we can accomplish two important goals. First, we can give the lie to the idea that Black people can simply lift themselves up by their own bootstraps. With that pesky idea out of the way it is easier to see why White folk need to take joint ownership of the nation’s race problem†¦ (Dalton) This idea of dual ownership for racial injustice is a concept Dalton feels most whites avoid and is a concept we see on many occasions being played out by the media in daily society. This is just a perfect example of the power of popular culture to create a sense of public opinion. In Horatio Alger’s day, the sociological circumstance of America was perfectly visible to every individual, but people chose to adopt the popular false reality projected from Alger’s novels. Alger was noted for not being a very skilled writer, and the majority of his novels were written solely for the purpose of maintaining his extremely large fan base, so he made sure his books adhered to certain ideals. Most of these ideals involved the overlooking of racial stratification. Racial stratification that existed in the U. K. at the beginning of the last century also deprived its colored citizens from the access to the most valuable resources the American society had, from the education, proper medical treatment etc. To make the Afro-Americans believe in the uniqueness of the whites they developed ridiculous theories of the mental or physical prevalence of their race. (Banton, 1998) Despite this, America wins the title for being the most racially conflicted, and thus corrupted. This corresponds with Bourdieu’s view that ethnicity and education will be one’s core sources of decision making, as apposed to ideology (1984). The first persuasion, which is that everyone can participate equally and can always start over, is troubling, as throughout most part of the American history, women of any race and men who were Native American, Asian, black, or just poor, were barred from all but a narrow range of elective positions. White men, especially European immigrants, able to ride the wave of the Industrial Revolution to comfort or prosperity, have always been the most valued members of the American society. Those who do not fit to that description, disappear from the collective self-portrait. The situation is that not only has the ideal of universal participation been denied to most Americans, but also the very fact of its denial is been denied in our national self-image. This state of things determines deep misunderstandings and correspondingly deep political tensions. This is especially true for the victims of racial attacks. Social stratification, according to some scientists has always accompanied the life of the human beings, after appearing on the down of the humankind history. The reason for its existence is a very simple one and it’s that the amount of resources this planet can provide is limited, thus it’s impossible to give everything needed or desired to everyone. As we all know people have always been unequal. It was determined by numerous factors even many centuries ago, and nowadays the amount of those factors has increased greatly. Despite of the principles about the equality of all of the societys members that are declared in the contemporary society nowadays, the phenomenon of discrimination still exists in our country. This problem is enforced by Bourdieu’s public opinion created by the media, and heartfelt by many individuals. From one viewpoint it is only natural for people to treat those a certain way in accordance with their age, gender, religious beliefs, physical condition, but when these peculiarities are used for to determine the persons rights or regulate his or her freedom of action and choice, it created huge problems in interpersonal and social communication, and other processes. One is only left to wonder what the state of racism would be in this country if it wasn’t constantly displayed as the symbol of western society. One might argue, like in the case with Horatio Alger, the disregard of racism only resulted in its unacknowledged enhancement. The very purpose of the Civil Rights movement in the states was to allow whites the opportunity to see how black were being treated by the police Lots of books and articles written recently, state that the degree of negative discrimination is still very high in the U. K. , which strings the social relations up, and leads to numerous conflicts within various racial groups. Martha Minow addresses this in many of her writings. In her essay on identity, titled Not Only for Myself Identity, Politics, and the Law, she says, There are two kinds of people in the world†¦those who think there are two kinds of people, and those who do not (Minow, 1997). Her essay reveals the ever segregating nature of Western Civilization, while she takes a clear stance in favor of the universal individual. Her essay takes an in depth look at the attitude that is truly necessary for one to make a lone effort towards furthering the genuine full racial integration of the United Kingdom. Her essay condemns all those who settle into social tribes of convenient sameness. To encourage those who oppose conforming to the common American culture of segregation, she describes in detail the trials of a young Nathan Marx. The story also suggests how an identity is founded on both the views of others and the individual; Marx is treated as a Jew both by his non-Jewish fellow officers and by the Jewish trainees. Both kinds of treatment influence his sense of himself as a Jew. Although he resists both, he defines himself in the course of that resistance (Minow, 1997). Here Minow points out a key factor of equality in that individuals all find equality in others in the fact that they refuse to be solely identified ethnically. Those who rather remain segregated are incapable of seeing others as equal to them and just harbor hate. This is a complexity that the U. K. often shares with the U. S. The ironic factor in this circumstance is that racial and religious separatism is just as much the result of the media as it is the people at adhering to it. If we look at the statistics found by the 2005 United States Census Bureau, the discrepancies in success among ethnicities is quite revealing.

Why Young Individuals Commit Crimes? Essay -- juvenile delinquency, juv

Firstly, what does it mean when someone uses the term juvenile delinquency? Juvenile delinquency can also be referred to as juvenile offending is when a young person under the age eighteen who in which has repeatedly committed a crime or offense. In the United States and other countries, juvenile crime is one of the most serious problems. The reason why juveniles commit crimes is sort of complicated and difficult to explain. There have been several disparate theories to better help with understanding juvenile delinquency. All of these theories are categorized and are placed under three different groups: biological, psychological, and sociological theories. Biological theories all are based on the concept that people are prearranged to commit crimes. An Italian criminologist, Cesare Lombroso created Positive Theory or Positivism which is the major biological theory. The positive theory stated that people are born criminals and are not made. The positive theory also explained criminal behavior by centering on the biological and psychological factors. Cesare used the corpse of criminals who were executed to compare physical features to determine were criminals different from non-criminals. His conclusion was that criminals shared facial features. Sheldon a criminalist idea was that people behaved differently because of the different body types. He believed that a physically fit human was more likely to commit a crime than an out of shape or over weight human. XYY theory is another biological theory that has come into consideration. The XYY theory disputes that an abnormal chromosome are found in violent male criminals. This theory states that this abnormality in individuals is associated with criminal activity and aggressivene... ...w up committing crimes. (McDavid and McCandless, 1962) Works Cited "Cesare Lombroso". Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica Inc., 2014. Web. 10 Mar. 2014 . Boyd R. McCandles, John McDavid. â€Å"Psychological Theory, Research, and Juvenile Delinquency.† The Journal of Criminal and Police Science 54.1 (1962):1-14. JSTOR. Web. 9 Mar 2014. Champion, D.J. (2004). The Juvenile Justice System: Delinquency, Processing, and the Law. 4th Ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall Inc. Ellwood, Charles A. "Lombroso's Theory of Crime." Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and 2.5 (1912): 716-723. JSTOR. Web. 9 Mar 2014. Siegel, Larry J , and Brandon C Welsh. Juvenile Delinquency, Theory, Practice, And Law. Wadsworth Pub Co, print.

A Citizen’s Guide to American Ideology: Conservatism and Liberalism in Contemporary Politics Essay

Conservatism is political belief based on social stability and tradition, emphasizing established institutions and having a preference on a gradual development to an abrupt change (Marietta 23). In conservative theories, they aim to preserve and restore, stressing continuity and stability, limit to change, restricted government guidelines of business and strong national defenses (Para 3). Conservatism so to speak is political morality. Conservative political drives have been productive as they have unified people of different opinions on the basis of shared goals (Mannheim 41).It is not possible to find the successes of conservatism in a big government but through individual achievement and freedom! According to O’hara, conservative ideology is mirrored through family values, decent parenting at home and what can be achieved when the government ceases to interfere (52). For instance, set of grandparents living their years without debt with their families leading a simple but self-governing life and out of trouble that’s a conservative success. When a small business opens up, with owners working hard and selling authentic products and excellent service, then gradually expanding step by step then becoming a big business organization†¦that is a conservative success story. If you see a soldier risking his life to protect the inhabitants of a dangerous area and receiving no recognition, that is conser vative values in action (Cecil 23). Conservative form of leadership is the best, as it grows people to take responsibility for their actions, health, education and family the success is revealed in the glory and accomplishments of the individual and not in the credit and achievement of legislation that will promise some things that one should earn on their own. In Canada, the Harper government has offered positive differences to the people of Canada and the world in general. It has offered tax relief with a 2% decrease to 5% in goods and services tax (GST), has assisted working families by lowering income taxes, has lowered small business and corporate taxes and has introduced the universal child care benefit that has given families real choices in child care (Gottfried 45). The harper government has also taken action by offering a special tax credits which has assisted in paying for children’s fitness programme, in regard to Crime and Justice, it has improved with strong new laws and punishments that fit the crime. The Tackling Violent Crime Act has ensured that criminals who get jail condemnations pay their dues to the society. According to Gottfried, corporations and unions have been banned from contributing to politics (66); the amount that an individual can donate has been reduced to between $5,000 and $1,100 per year. There has also been investment in the Canadian Forces who strive to protect the country and its citizens by providing insurance for the personnel, while increasing sustenance for those who experience injury and illness in the line of duty. Canada signed the Copenhagen According, an agreement among developing and developed nations to decrease the worldwide level of air pollution ( Viereck and Claus 33). In America, during the president George W. Bush conservative administration, they never accepted corruption in office and rejected the state ordering people how they should lead their lives. In 2007 President Bush lifted the strategy for the war in Iraq from forced safeguarding to population security (Marrieta 54). In 2002, President Bush fronted the â€Å"housing first† strategy to reduce homelessness this worked and the number of homeless people decreased by 30 percent between 2005 and 2007. For the time being, serious crimes levels declined rapidly since 1993, when the country began to embrace conservative tough on crime policies. According to Marrieta, he addressed nationwide poverty, increased financial aid to developing countries and assisted in alleviating AIDS in Africa (67). In 2003 November third, he facilitated enactment of The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act. According to Viereck and Claus Australia’s main achievements of the Menzies, Holt, Gorton and McMahon conservative governments included high living standards for Australians; increased ratio of home owners, progress in industry, free medical treatment for seniors and the homeless, introduced homes for the aged, established Commonwealth Scholarships as means of introducing aid to all schools, increased work force and introduction of family allowance (71). The Howard government’s policies enabled the provision of low rates of interest, lower taxation and increased economic growth; Australian domestic students by allowing them to invest in their own education, increased total revenue for higher education institutions from $8.6 billion in 1997 to $16.8 billion in 2007( O’hara 46) Conclusion The principles of conservatism are all-encompassing as they are founded on what men and women have learned through involvement in a dozen generations. With all the experience of the past and present, conservative future is still going to continue working as the task will not be to sell a philosophy, but to make the citizens, who already believe in the philosophy, see that modern conservatism offers us a political home (Marietta 27).From above it evident that conservatism prevents movement backward and downward and towards forward and upward away from chaotic darkness and primitive state, a philosophy that world nations should adopt for better and brighter futures. References Marietta, Morgan. A Citizen’s Guide to American Ideology: Conservatism and Liberalism in Contemporary Politics. New York: Routledge, 2012. Print. Viereck, Peter, and Claes G. Ryn. Conservatism Revisited: The Revolt against Ideology. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2005. Print. Gottfried, Paul. Conservatism in America: Making Sense of the American Right. New York: Palgrave, 2007. Print. Mannheim, Karl. Conservatism. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis, 2013. Internet resource.O’Hara, Kieron. Conservatism. London: Reaktion Books, 2011. Internet resource.Berkowitz, Peter. Varieties of Conservatism in America. Stanford, Calif: Hoover Institution Press, 2004. Print. Gord, Walker.A conservative Canada. Santa Barbara, Calif: Paget Press, 1983. Source document

Positive contributions of the Aged to the community

Group you have studied describe the positive contributions that the group makes to the wider community The Aged make various positive contributions to the community, many which go unseen. Although the Aged are perceived to be a burden to society due to the image in which society depicts, their contribution to benefiting those around them is unending. The Australia bureau of statistics defines the Aged as those who are 65 years and older.As this stage in the lifespan is usually associated with retirement and spare time the elderly find themselves giving back to he community through educating younger generations, participating in volunteer work and providing informal services by assisting in caring for young family. The Aged have much to contribute to the community as they have a wealth of experience and are able to pass on education to the younger generations. In doing so, they are positively influencing society and guiding them to be better people and to live their life to the fulles t.As young people aren't aware of the consequences of some of their actions, the Aged can contribute their knowledge on this aspect of their lives, which minimizes the risks that younger generations are faced with, and In turn prepares them for their future. Many elderly people also devote their time and knowledge to younger generations by being guest speakers at organizations and schools through sharing their experiences, knowledge and skills. This positively Influences and educates the community which leads to not only an Improved relationship between the Aged and society, but also provides guidance and support to younger people.One of the greatest resources that they provide the community with Is their time. Many Aged people devote their time to society by continuing to work, which contributes to the economic growth, or by participating In volunteer work. Once the Aged retire they find themselves feeling lonely and Isolate from society. In order to overcome this many turn to cont ributing to the community by doing volunteer work. Volunteer work has become Increasingly popular amongst the Aged as It provides the elderly with social Interaction with employees, and also those In the community.A study from the Australian Bureau of Statistics found that In 1997 older people spent round 30% of their working hours on unpaid volunteer work. The Aged also contribute to the community by participating In fund raising. Even though the Aged are usually characterized with qualities such as deteriorating health and Increased body aches they still manage to give up their time to the community and contribute to the economic growth. The Aged provide an Informal service by assisting with care for grandchildren and other young people. In today's society women are Increasingly focusing more on their careers Instead of child bearing.As this means that but others and fathers are spending more of their time on work, It proves to be very helpful to have the Aged to care for their ch ildren. This not only benefits the community but also allows the elderly people to collapse with their grandchildren and/or family. Positive contributions of the Aged to the community By Kristin minimizes the risks that younger generations are faced with, and in turn prepares sharing their experiences, knowledge and skills. This positively influences and educates the community which leads to not only an improved relationship betweenOne of the greatest resources that they provide the community with is their time. Contributes to the economic growth, or by participating in volunteer work. Once the Aged retire they find themselves feeling lonely and isolate from society. In order to Volunteer work has become increasingly popular amongst the Aged as it provides the elderly with social interaction with employees, and also those in the community. A study from the Australian Bureau of Statistics found that in 1997 older people spent contribute to the community by participating in fund raisi ng.Even though the Aged are usually characterized with qualities such as deteriorating health and increased to the economic growth. The Aged provide an informal service by assisting with care for grandchildren and other young people. In today's society women are increasingly focusing more on their careers instead of child bearing. As this means that but mothers and fathers are spending more of their time on work, it proves to be very community but also allows the elderly people to socialist with their grandchildren

010 Intro to Arguments Professor Ramos Blog

010 Intro to Arguments Reflection Think back on the process of writing the report. Write a short note about what you learned from the process. What do you like about the essay? What are the strengths and weaknesses? Where did you struggle? Intro to Arguments Language is an art form. Here is the  Wikipedia definition of Rhetoric. Rhetoric  is the art of discourse, wherein a writer or speaker strives to inform, persuade or motivate particular audiences in specific situations. Aristotle’s  definition  of rhetoric â€Å"The faculty of observing, in any given case, the  available means of persuasionâ€Å" Ethos: Appeals to Ethics, Credibility or Character. Ethics, ethical, trustworthiness or reputation, style/tone. The credibility of the speaker persuades. Pathos: Appeals to Emotion. Emotional or imaginative impact, stories, values. Uses emotional response to persuade an audience. Logos: Appeals to logic. Persuade by reason and evidence. Solution Argument A solution argument is a research argument that is arguing for a solution to a problem. For example, instead of arguing that abortion is bad, we would argue for solutions to abortion. How can we help people have less abortions? This does some good in the world. Solution Argument Prompt

Science and politics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Science and politics - Term Paper Example Undeniably, world leaders and industry managers still very much depend on oil for their major industries. In the end, oil is hardly something they can do away with; and the oil companies know this. For which reason, most oil companies and other interest groups contend that government authorities must oversee and must be involved in cleaning up oil spills. They further contend that the government also has a responsibility to the environment to assist in the clean-up and to use its resources in order to speed up these clean-up processes. However, most taxpayers disagree with this argument. They believe that the oil companies alone should bear the cost and responsibility of cleanup and that taxpayer’s money should not be spent in order to clear-out these oil spills. This is an issue which has yet to be resolved. In an attempt to establish some resolution to this issue, this paper shall research materials which support the argument that, the government must oversee and be involved in the cleanup of oil spills. Discussion As soon as oil spills into the ocean, it first spreads on the water’s surface and the speed and the density by which is spreads depends also on the density and composition of the oil spilled (Water Encyclopedia, 2011). The oil spilled may be cohesive or it may break up depending on the movement of the water. Rougher water movements tend to break the oil slick and cause it to cover a larger territory of ocean, including coastal areas, and some marine and terrestrial habitats (Water Encyclopedia, 2011). Oil containing volatile organic compounds partially evaporates and it leaves about 20 % or 40% of the mass denser and more resistant to flow. A small amount of oil dissolves in water and it can then disperse undetected or form a thick mousse with the water (Water Encyclopedia, 2011). A portion of the oil may then sink with particulates and the rest may congeal into sticky tar balls. Eventually, oil waste deteriorates and breaks down thro ugh photolysis and biodegradation. Once oil reaches shorelines, it then interacts with the beach sand, rocks, gravel, and vegetation. It causes contamination and erosion of these shorelines and sediments (Water Encyclopedia, 2011). Once the beach sand becomes contaminated, it is then unable to protect and support normal vegetation in the shorelines. Rocks with oil residues can also be toxic to coastal wildlife as it can poison the coastline and organic substrates, thereby interrupting the food chain upon which fishes and coastal creatures depend and upon which their reproduction is based (Water Encyclopedia, 2011). Wildlife and other sea creatures, as well as mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and birds can also be poisoned by oil residues. In fact, the Exxon Valdez oil spill caused the death of an estimated number of 100,000 to 300,000 birds in the area of Prince William Sound Alaska (Piatt, et.al., 1990). Mere ingestion of oil can be poisonous to animals; it can smother these creature s and destroy their thermal insulation (Wells, Butler, and Hughes, 1995). Oil can also damage their reproductive systems and disrupt the pattern of their usual behaviors. In the long-term setting, such damage can cause such species and populations to change or to totally disappear. Even when oil spills have â€Å"dissipated† over miles of ocean and coastlines, their impact on the environment often remains.

Climate change proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Climate change proposal - Assignment Example Geological Survey (USGS), 2008). This information on sea-level rise (SLR) was likewise corroborated by authors Gillette and Hamilton (2011) whose article disclosed that â€Å"SLR is a major concern for populations living in low-lying coastal regions (about 25% of humans), because it will give rise to inundation (both temporary and permanent flooding), wetland loss, shoreline erosion, and saltwater intrusion into surface freshwater bodies and aquifers, and it will raise water tables† (p. 25). These authors likewise indicated that the number of people to be affected by a uniform one-meter rise in sea level is approximately 145,000,000, where more than 105 million would come from Asia; followed by Europe (approximately 20 million); Latin America, 18 million; Africa, 15 million; North America, 12 million; and Australia, about 5 million (Gillette & Hamilton, 2011). The sea-level rise assessment, shown in Figure 1 below, shows the impact of SLR in identified local areas. In this regard, given the significance of the issue, those people identified to be accurately affected by the SLR should be slowly relocated and resettled to higher areas and locations through integrated efforts of the government agencies. These efforts were deemed â€Å"extremely costly process that could have a negative effect on the economies of many countries† (Gillette & Hamilton, 2011, p. 30); but lives are universally acknowledged as of prime importance and therefore, strategic measures must be instituted at the earliest possible time. Source: USGS map locator— http://store.usgs.gov/b2c_usgs/usgs/ maplocator/%28ctype=areaDetails&xcm=r3standardpitrex_prd&carea=%24ROOT&layout=6_1_61_75&uiarea=2%29/.do; cited in Gillette & Hamilton, 2011, p. 30 Gillette, B., & Hamilton, C. (2011, March). Flooded! An Investigation of Sea-Level Rise in a Changing Climate. Retrieved May 26, 2012, from www.cresis.ku.edu: